Question 1Multiple choice · 1 markA* challenge
How many structural isomers have the molecular formula C4H10?
- A 1.0
- B 2.0
- C 3.0
- D 4.0
Show answer
Answer: B
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How many structural isomers have the molecular formula C4H10?
Answer: B
What is the name of CH₃COOCH₃?
Answer: B
Oxidation numbers are used to identify redox reactions.
Deduce the oxidation number of manganese in MnO₄⁻ and of chromium in Cr₂O₇²⁻.
Construct the ionic equation for the reaction of MnO₄⁻ with Fe²⁺ in acid.
| Part | Answer and marking points | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| (a) | +7; +6 Mn +7 B1 Cr +6 B1 | 2 |
| (b) | MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5Fe²⁺ → Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O + 5Fe³⁺ correct species M1 balanced A1 | 2 |
Define rate of reaction and describe how it can be measured.
Define rate of reaction.
Suggest two methods of following the rate of reaction of marble chips with acid.
| Part | Answer and marking points | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| (a) | change in concentration per unit time change in concentration of reactant or product per unit time B1 | 1 |
| (b) | gas volume; mass loss measure volume of CO₂ with gas syringe B1 measure loss of mass on a balance B1 | 2 |
Chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide.
Write the equation for the reaction with cold dilute NaOH and state the oxidation numbers of chlorine.
| Part | Answer and marking points | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Cl₂ + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O; 0, −1, +1 equation B1 0 → −1 and +1 B1 disproportionation B1 | 3 |
Ammonia, NH₃, and boron trifluoride, BF₃, have different shapes.
Predict the shape and bond angle of each molecule, explaining your answers using VSEPR.
Explain why ammonia is very soluble in water.
| Part | Answer and marking points | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| (a) | NH₃ trigonal pyramidal 107°; BF₃ trigonal planar 120° NH₃: 3 bond pairs + 1 lone pair B1 trigonal pyramidal, about 107° B1 BF₃: 3 bond pairs, no lone pairs B1 trigonal planar, 120° B1 | 4 |
| (b) | hydrogen bonds with water ammonia forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules B1 lone pair on N and δ+ H B1 | 2 |
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